PVC, UPVC, CPVC, PP, PE, PB, PVDF arụmọrụ na ọdịiche dị iche iche #ahịrị mmịpụta ọkpọkọ # igwe mmịpụta

PVC
PVC(PolyVinylCloride) dị n'ọkwa asaa (SG1-SG7) dịka ike na ihe onwunwe ya si dị, yana njupụta nke ihe dị ka 1.4 g/cm³. N'okpuru SG4, ọ bụ ngwaahịa dị nro, nke chọrọ nnukwu plasticizer mgbe ọ na-etolite, a na-ejikwa ya eme akpụkpọ anụ arụ, waya na mkpuchi waya, ihe mkpuchi, wdg. N'elu SG5, ọ bụ ngwaahịa siri ike, nke a na-ejikarị eme paịpụ dị iche iche, dị ka mmiri mmiri, ọkpọkọ eletriki, paịpụ post na telecommunication, efere dị iche iche, mpempe akwụkwọ na profaịlụ, wdg. Ọnụego mbelata nke PVC na-etolite bụ 0.6-1.5%, ọ nwekwara ezigbo ihe onwunwe igwe. PVC nwere ọnụego mbelata nke 0.6-1.5%, ezigbo ihe onwunwe igwe, ihe onwunwe eletriki dị mma, iwepụ onwe ya, ike acid na alkali siri ike, ezigbo nkwụsi ike kemịkalụ na ọnụ ahịa dị ala. Agbanyeghị, mmepe ya na-egbochi mmepe ya site na obere okpomọkụ ojiji ya, nke dị ihe dị ka 80°C na kachasị elu.

CPVC
A na-emepụta resin a site na mgbanwe chlorine nke resin polyvinyl chloride (PVC) ma bụrụ ụdị plastik injinia ọhụrụ. Ngwaahịa a bụ ọcha ma ọ bụ obere odo odo na-enweghị uto, na-enweghị isi, na-anaghị egbu egbu. Mgbe chlorine nke resin PVC gasịrị, enweghị nhazi nke njikọ molekul na-abawanye ma polarity na-abawanye, nke na-eme ka resin ahụ sie ike ịgbaze na nkwụsi ike kemịkalụ dịkwuo elu, si otú a na-eme ka iguzogide okpomọkụ nke ihe ahụ na iguzogide nchara nke asịd, alkalis, nnu na oxidants dịkwuo mma. Njirimara mekaniki nke okpomọkụ mgbanwe okpomọkụ nke uru na-aka mma, a na-amụba ọdịnaya chlorine site na 56.7% ruo 63-69%, a na-amụba okpomọkụ dị nro nke Vicat site na 72-82 °C, (ruo 90-125 °C), okpomọkụ kachasị ojiji nwere ike iru 110 °C yana okpomọkụ ojiji ogologo oge bụ 95 °C. N'ime ha, ihe ngosi arụmọrụ CORZAN CPVC dị mma karịa. Ya mere, CPVC bụ ụdị plastik injinia ọhụrụ nwere atụmanya ngwa ngwa sara mbara.

UPVC
E ji resin PVC mee paịpụ UPVC, nke nwere njirimara dị mma dịka mmetụta okpomọkụ ziri ezi, ịgbaze mgbe niile na nnabata ngwa ngwa nke ihe ndị dị irè nke ihe mgbakwunye mgbe ike ndọda dị n'etiti agbụ resin molekul adịghị ike, n'otu oge ahụ, a na-eji ihe na-eme ka calcium na zinc dị n'ụwa a ma ama, nke nwere ike ijide, gbochie ma nabata neutralization nke hydrogen chloride n'oge usoro okpomọkụ dị elu na agbaze nke resin, ma mee mmeghachi omume mgbakwunye njikọ abụọ na nhazi polyene iji dochie atọm chlorine na-arụ ọrụ na nke na-adịghị akwụsi ike na molekul. Mmeghachi omume mgbakwunye njikọ abụọ na nhazi polyene na-ewepụ atọm chlorine na-arụ ọrụ na nke na-adịghị akwụsi ike na molekul. Nke a na-achịkwa mmebi nke catalytic na mmebi oxidative nke resin na ọnọdụ gbazere agbaze.

PP
PPPaịpụ bụ ihe e ji ihe dị ka ọkara kristal mee. Ọ siri ike ma nwee ebe agbaze karịa PE. Ebe ọ bụ na homopolymer PP na-agbaze nke ukwuu karịa 0°C, ọtụtụ ihe PP azụmaahịa bụ copolymers na-adịghị agbanwe agbanwe nwere 1-4% ethylene ma ọ bụ ọnụego ethylene dị elu na pincushion copolymers. Ike nke PP na-abawanye ka ọdịnaya ethylene na-abawanye ma nwee okpomọkụ Vicat dị nro nke 150°C. N'ihi nnukwu kristal ya, ihe ahụ nwere ezigbo ike elu na iguzogide ọkọ, PP anaghịkwa enwe nsogbu site na mgbawa nrụgide gburugburu ebe obibi. A na-agbanwekarị PP site na ịgbakwunye eriri iko, ihe mgbakwunye ígwè ma ọ bụ roba thermoplastic. ọnụego mmiri MFR nke PP sitere na 1 ruo 40. obere ihe MFR PP nwere ike iguzogide mmetụta ka mma mana ọ na-ebelata ductility. Maka otu MFR ahụ, ụdị copolymer nwere ike dị elu karịa ụdị homopolymer. N'ihi kristal, mbelata nke PP dị elu, nke na-abụkarị 1.8 ruo 2.5%. Nha nhata nke mbelata dị mma karịa maka ihe dịka PE-HD. Mgbakwunye nke ihe mgbakwunye iko 30% nwere ike ibelata mkpụkọ ruo 0.7%. Ụdị ihe PP abụọ a bụ homopolymer na copolymer nwere ezigbo iguzogide mmiri mmiri, mmebi acid na alkali, na mgbaze. Agbanyeghị, ọ naghị eguzogide ihe mgbaze aromatic hydrocarbon (dịka benzene), ihe mgbaze hydrocarbon chlorine (carbon tetrachloride), wdg. PP anaghịkwa eguzogide oxidation na okpomọkụ dị elu, dịka PE si eme.
PP bụ kristal polima nwere nnukwu mbelata olu (1.0-1.5%) n'ihi nnukwu mgbanwe olu na oke ntụgharị uche molekul mgbe agbazechara agbaze ahụ. Ya mere, n'oge usoro ịkpụzi ihe, a ga-amụba nrụgide ntụtụ na ọnụego ịkpụ ihe iji melite mma ịkpụzi nke ngwaahịa ahụ.

PE
Polyethylene bụ ihe mejupụtara polymeric organic kachasị mfe n'ụwa, ọ bụkwa ihe polymer kachasị eji eme ihe n'ụwa taa. A na-esi na ethylene emepụta ya ma kewaa ya na polyethylene dị elu, polyethylene dị ọkara na obere njupụta dịka njupụta ya si dị. Polyethylene dị obere njupụta dị nro, polymerization dị elu karịa; polyethylene dị elu nwere njirimara nke siri ike, ike na ike mekaniki, polymerization dị ala karịa. Enwere ike iji polyethylene dị elu maka akpa, paịpụ, na ihe mkpuchi eletriki ugboro ugboro, nke a na-eji maka radar na telivishọn. A na-ejikarị polyethylene dị obere njupụta (nnukwu nrụgide) eme ihe n'ọtụtụ buru ibu. Polyethylene dị ka waxy ma nwee ire ụtọ dị ka wax. Mgbe a naghị agba ya agba, polyethylene dị obere njupụta na-apụta ìhè, ebe polyethylene dị elu anaghị acha ọbara ọbara, polyethylene bụkwa agbụ polymeric dị elu nke mejupụtara -CH2-units ejikọtara site na mgbakwunye na polymerization nke ethylene (CH2=CH2). Njirimara nke polyethylene dabere n'ụzọ e si emepụta polymerization ya; A na-emepụta polyethylene dị elu (HDPE) site na Ziegler-Natta polymerization n'okpuru nrụgide dị ala (15-30 atm) nke ihe ndị dị ndụ. Mkpụrụ ndụ polyethylene ndị e ji polymer mee n'okpuru ọnọdụ ndị a bụ ahịrị kwụ ọtọ ma nwee agbụ molekul ogologo nwere ibu molekul dị ọtụtụ narị puku. N'ihe gbasara polymerization dị elu n'okpuru nrụgide dị elu (100-300 MPa), okpomọkụ dị elu (190-210 C) na peroxide catalysis, ihe si na ya pụta bụ obere njupụta polyethylene (LDPE), nke a na-ejikọta ya na alaka.
Polyethylene anaghị agbaze n'ime mmiri ma ọ naghị anabata mmiri nke ọma, ọbụlagodi maka ihe mgbaze kemịkalụ dịka toluene na acetic acid, nke na-agbaze ntakịrị na okpomọkụ karịrị 70°C. Agbanyeghị, polyethylene dị n'ụdị ihe ndị na-adịghị mma nwere ike ịgbaze ma ọ bụ sie ike na okpomọkụ sitere na 15°C ruo 40°C. Mgbe okpomọkụ rịrị elu, ọ na-agbaze ma na-amịkọrọ okpomọkụ; mgbe okpomọkụ ebelatara, ọ na-esi ike ma na-ewepụta okpomọkụ. Ọ bụkwa ezigbo ihe owuwu ụlọ n'ihi na ọ na-amịkọrọ obere mmiri, ọ naghị adị mfe mmiri mmiri ma nwee ihe mkpuchi mkpuchi.

PB
E mepụtara ma tinye Polybutylene n'ọrụ na mbido afọ 1970, njirimara ihe onwunwe ya na-achịkwa ihe achọrọ maka teknụzụ na akụrụngwa dị elu maka mmepụta profaịlụ, yana nnukwu itinye ego na akụ ndị a na-anaghị etinye.

PVDF
Ọdịdị ya bụ ntụ ntụ ma ọ bụ ihe ọcha, a na-ahazi usoro molekul nke ọma, mana o nwekwara njikọ hydrogen siri ike, ntinye oxygen nke 46%, anaghị ere ọkụ, kristal 65% ~ 78%, njupụta nke 1.17 ~ 1.79g/cm3, ebe agbaze nke 172 ℃, okpomọkụ nke mgbanwe okpomọkụ 112 ~ 145 ℃, okpomọkụ ojiji ogologo oge nke -40 ~ 150 ℃.
A na-akpọ resin PVDF dịka vinylidene fluoride homopolymer ma ọ bụ vinylidene fluoride na obere obere copolymer fluorine vinyl monomer copolymer, resin PVDF ma fluorine resin na njirimara resin izugbe, na mgbakwunye na ezigbo iguzogide kemịkalụ, iguzogide okpomọkụ dị elu, iguzogide oxidation, iguzogide ihu igwe, iguzogide radieshon, mana ọ nwekwara piezoelectricity, dielectricity, thermoelectricity na ihe ndị ọzọ pụrụ iche, ugbu a bụ mmepụta nke plastik nwere fluorine. Ngwa PVDF a na-etinyekarị na mpaghara mkpuchi petrochemical, eletriki na eletrọnịkị na fluorocarbon. Ọ na-eme ka ọ kwụsie ike na kemịkalụ, ihe mkpuchi eletriki, nke mere na mmepụta nke akụrụngwa iji mezuo ihe achọrọ maka TOCS na ihe mgbochi ire ọkụ, a na-ejikarị ya eme ihe n'ụlọ ọrụ semiconductor na nchekwa na mbufe nke kemịkalụ dị ọcha, n'afọ ndị na-adịbeghị anya, iji PVDF resin mee ihe, gel, diaphragm, wdg, na ngwa batrị lithium nke abụọ, ojiji PVDF ugbu a aghọwo otu n'ime ọchịchọ ahịa na-eto ngwa ngwa. PVDF bụ mkpuchi fluorocarbon kachasị mkpa. PVDF bụ otu n'ime ihe ndị kacha mkpa, e mekwara mkpuchi fluorocarbon nke e ji ya kwadebe ruo ọgbọ nke isii. N'ihi oke iguzogide ihu igwe nke resin PVDF, enwere ike iji ya n'èzí ruo ogologo oge na-enweghị mmezi, a na-ejikwa ụdị mkpuchi a nke ọma n'ọdụ ọkụ eletrik, ọdụ ụgbọelu, okporo ụzọ, ụlọ elu dị elu, wdg. Na mgbakwunye, enwere ike iji resin PVDF gwakọta ya na resin ndị ọzọ, dịka PVDF na resin ABS agwakọtara iji nweta ihe mejupụtara ya, ejirila ya mee ihe nke ukwuu n'ihe owuwu, ịchọ mma ụgbọala, shei ngwa ụlọ, wdg.
PVC bụ ụdị ihe eji achọ mma plastik, PVC bụ mkpọmkpọ nke ihe polyvinyl chloride, bụ isi ihe eji emepụta resin polyvinyl chloride, tinye ego kwesịrị ekwesị nke ihe na-egbochi ịka nká, ihe na-agbanwe agbanwe, wdg, site na ngwakọta, calendering, vacuum blister na usoro ndị ọzọ iji mepụta ihe ahụ.

Ihe PVC dị mfe, ihe mkpuchi okpomọkụ, nchekwa okpomọkụ, mmiri anaghị amị amị, ọ na-egbochi ire ọkụ ma dịkwa mfe iwu. Nkọwapụta, agba na ụkpụrụ.
Ọ bụ otu n'ime ihe eji achọ mma kachasị eji eme ihe n'etiti ihe eji eme plastik.

Uru nke ihe mkpuchi PVC bụ ihe ndị a:
1. mma ọkụ, mkpuchi okpomọkụ, nchekwa okpomọkụ, iguzogide mmiri, ihe mgbochi ire ọkụ, iguzogide acid na alkali, iguzogide nchara.
2. Ịkwụsi ike, ezigbo dielectricity, ịdịte aka, mgbochi ịka nká, dị mfe ijikọta na ijikọ.
3. Ike gbagọrọ agbagọ siri ike na ike mmetụta, ogologo dị elu mgbe agbajiri.
4. Ọ dị mfe ịhazi ma kpụzie ya site na ịchacha ya, ịgwakọta ya, ịchacha ya, ịkpụcha ya, ịpụpụ ya ma ọ bụ ịcha ya, ọ nwekwara ike imezu mkpa nke nkọwapụta profaịlụ dị iche iche.
5. Elu dị nro, agba na-egbuke egbuke, ihe ịchọ mma, na ngwa ịchọ mma sara mbara.
6. Usoro owuwu ahụ dị mfe ma ntinye ya dịkwa mfe.

E ji ihe polyethylene mee paịpụ PE, paịpụ PE dabara adaba maka ntinye zoro ezo, ihe nrụnye mepere emepe dị mfe ịka nká.

Paịpụ PP-R nwere uru dị ka ibu dị mfe, ike dị mma, iguzogide nchara, enweghị nha, ndụ ọrụ ogologo, wdg, na mgbakwunye na atụmatụ ndị a bụ isi:
(1) Ihe owuwu na-adịghị egbu egbu, dị ọcha, akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ, ihe eji arụ ụlọ PP-R bụ polyolefin, ihe mejupụtara molekul ya bụ carbon, ihe ndị mejupụtara hydrogen, anaghị egbu egbu, arụmọrụ ahụike dị mma;
(2) ihe na-eguzogide okpomọkụ, nchekwa okpomọkụ, ngwaahịa na-echekwa ike, okpomọkụ dị nro nke paịpụ PP-R Vicat nke 131.3 ℃, okpomọkụ kachasị elu nke ojiji nke 95 ℃, okpomọkụ ogologo oge (afọ 50) ruo 70 ℃. Ike okpomọkụ nke ngwaahịa a bụ 0.24W/m℃, nke bụ naanị 1/200 nke ike okpomọkụ nke paịpụ ígwè, yabụ ọ nwere mmetụta dị mma nke ịchekwa ike maka mkpuchi paịpụ mmiri ọkụ;
(3) Ọ dị mfe ịwụnye, a pụrụ ịtụkwasị obi, site na iji njikọ ọkụ na-ekpo ọkụ, sekọnd ole na ole iji mezue njikọ nkwonkwo, yana njikọ ọkpọkọ ígwè na ngwa mmiri site na iji ihe ntinye ígwè dị elu, dị nchebe ma dịkwa irè.

Ebe eji eme ihe maka ọkpọkọ mmiri ọkụ na oyi PP-R
Sistemụ mmiri na-ekpo ọkụ na oyi n'ụlọ, gụnyere sistemu kpo oku etiti;
Sistemụ kpo oku n'ụlọ, gụnyere ala, mgbidi panel kpo oku na sistemu kpo oku na-egbuke egbuke;
Sistemụ maka inye mmiri dị ọcha nke enwere ike iji ozugbo maka ịṅụ ihe ọṅụṅụ;
Sistemụ ntụ oyi etiti (nke etiti);
Usoro ịgba mmiri n'ubi na nke ubi;
netwọk mmiri ozuzo;
Netwọk ọdọ mmiri;
Netwọk ọkpọkọ maka nrụnye anyanwụ;

A na-ejikarị PPR eme ihe maka obere dayameta paịpụ, PPR dịkwa maka nrụnye mepere emepe na nke zoro ezo.
PB paịpụ bụ ihe e ji polybutylene polymer mee, nke a na-ejikarị eme ihe na mba ndị mepere emepe dịka Yuropu na Amerịka, ma dochie ọla kọpa dị ka ihe a na-ahọrọ maka paịpụ mmiri ọkụ.

Isi ihe eji arụ ọrụ nke paịpụ PEX bụ HDPE, yana ihe mmalite, ihe na-ejikọ njikọ, ihe na-akpali akpali na ihe mgbakwunye ndị ọzọ, dịka ihe achọrọ pụrụ iche nwekwara ike ịgbakwunye ihe ndị ọzọ na-agbanwe agbanwe.
A na-eji teknụzụ otu nzọụkwụ kachasị elu n'ụwa (usoro MONSOIL) emepụta paịpụ PEX, na-eji ihe ndị polyethylene nkịtị eme ihe iji tinye ihe ndị e ji etinye silane, na-emepụta njikọ kemịkalụ covalent n'etiti agbụ macromolecular polymer iji dochie ike van der Waals mbụ, si otú a na-emepụta usoro netwọk nke polyethylene ejikọtara ọnụ atọ, ogo nke njikọ ruo 60% ~ 89%, nke mere na o nwere njirimara anụ ahụ na kemịkalụ dị mma.

ABS bụ terpolymer dabere na styrene-butadiene-acrylonitrile, nwere ike dị elu na ike igwe dị mma, iguzogide okpomọkụ, iguzogide mmanụ, wdg.
A na-eji ọkpọkọ PVC eme waya eletriki n'ụlọ, ọ ga-abụkwa ọkpọkọ PVC ọkụ nkịtị, e nwekwara ụfọdụ itinye nsị mmiri site na iji ọkpọkọ PVC, a na-ejikwa PPR a na-ejikarị eme ihe n'ịrụgharị eriri mmiri, PPR dabara adaba maka mmiri.
Isi ihe dị iche bụ na ihe ndị e ji arụ ọrụ dị iche, ppr bụ polypropylene copolymer na-enweghị usoro, pvc bụ polyvinyl chloride. Enwere ike iji pvc mee ihe maka mmiri ozuzo, ppr bụ maka mmiri (eji ya ebe ọ bụ na ọnụ ahịa mmiri ozuzo dị oke elu). N'ezie, pvc adịghị egbu egbu dịka ọkpọkọ ọgwụ na ọtụtụ nkwakọ ngwaahịa plastik bụ pvc, ejiri maka owuwu naanị ihe ndị agbakwunyere, yana ppr nwere ike ịbụ ọkụ gbazee pvc enweghị ike.
A na-emepụta PPR site na ihe polypropylene copolymer, a na-emepụta PVC site na ihe polyvinyl chloride, ọnụ ahịa mmepụta dị elu mbụ, ọkwa ahụike dịkwa mma karịa PVC, ọ nwekwara ike ịgafe mmiri ọkụ 75 ℃, ọghọm ya dị mfe ịgbanwe. PVC bụ n'ihi obere ọnụ ahịa mmepụta, a na-ejikarị ya eme ihe n'ịgba mmiri n'ugbo, ọghọm ya bụ naanị iji mmiri oyi.

Pee anwụrụ
Na-eguzogide okpomọkụ
PE mmiri paịpụ obere okpomọkụ embrittlement okpomọkụ dị ala nke ukwuu, enwere ike iji ya na -40 ℃ ruo 60 ℃, nrụnye oyi na owuwu agaghị eme na paịpụ gbawara agbawa.
corrosion na-eguzogide
Polyethylene bụ ihe na-adịghị arụ ọrụ nke ọma, na-eguzogide ọtụtụ mbuze kemịkalụ, enweghị nchebe mgbochi ire ere, ihe kemịkalụ dị n'ime ala agaghị emebi emebi ọ bụla nke ọkpọkọ ahụ, agaghị ebibi ire ere, nchara na ihe na-emebi emebi.
mgbanwe
Ogologo paịpụ mmiri PE mgbe ọ gbawara gafere 800%, mkpọtụ mpaghara agaghị ebute mkpọtụ paịpụ niile, iguzogide ike nke ịma jijiji. Ọdịdị nke polyethylene na-agbagharị agbagharị na-enye ohere ka a na-agbakọta paịpụ mmiri PE, na-ebelata mkpa maka ọtụtụ ihe eji ejikọta ma na-ekwe ka owuwu ahụ gafee ihe mgbochi, na-ebelata ihe isi ike nke owuwu.
Nchịkwa nke nrụgide
N'ihi nnukwu kristal nke HDPE, ike na ike ya na-abawanye. Ọ bụrụ na ejiri ya nke ọma, ọ nwere ike iguzogide nrụgide dị n'ime ya, a na-ejikarị ya eme ihe maka inye mmiri na ọkpọkọ nrụgide na-ere ọkụ.
Hygiene
Ọ dị ọcha ma na-adịghị egbu egbu, paịpụ ahụ anaghị amụpụta nje bacteria, ọ gaghị ebute mmetọ nke abụọ nke ịdị mma mmiri, ọ na-edozi ntụpọ nke mmetọ ọkpọkọ mmiri kpamkpam.
Ike okirikiri
Paịpụ mmiri PE dị nro mgbidi dị n'ime, obere ọnụọgụ nke esemokwu, obere iguzogide mmiri mmiri, obere isi ọnwụ, enweghị mmụba, belata mfu nrụgide nke ọkpọkọ na oriri ike nnyefe mmiri, uru akụ na ụba doro anya.
Nchekwa paịpụ
A na-ejikọta ọkpọkọ mmiri PE site na njikọ ọkụ na nke eletriki, ike nke njikọ ahụ dị elu karịa ike nke paịpụ ahụ n'onwe ya, nke nwere ike iguzogide ike gburugburu na axial nke nrụgide dị n'ime na-emepụta nke ọma. Arụmọrụ mkpuchi ahụ dị mma nke ukwuu nke na ọ dịghị mkpa ichegbu onwe gị maka ntapu n'ihi mgbanwe nke njikọ ahụ.