Nhazi, nhazi, arụmọrụ na itinye ihe TPU n'ọrụ

TPU (thermoplastic polyurethane)bụ ụdị polyurethane nke enwere ike iji kpo oku mee ka plastik dị ọcha ma nwee ike ịgbaze site na ihe mgbaze. Ma e jiri ya tụnyere ụdị ngwakọta na ụdị polyurethane a na-eme ihe, polyurethane thermoplastic enweghị njikọ kemịkalụ ọ bụla ma ọ bụ obere na nhazi kemịkalụ, molekul ya dịkwa n'usoro, mana enwere ụfọdụ mgbanwe anụ ahụ.
Echiche nke ihe a na-akpọ mgbanwe anụ ahụ, nke Schollenberger CS buru ụzọ tụpụta na 1958, na-ezo aka na ịdị adị nke "ebe njikọ" a na-agbanwe agbanwe n'etiti agbụ molekul polyurethane linear mgbe ekpughere ya na okpomọkụ ma ọ bụ ihe mgbaze. Ọ bụghị njikọ kemịkalụ n'ezie. Mana ọ na-arụ ọrụ dị ka njikọ kemịkalụ. N'ihi njikọ anụ ahụ a, polyurethane na-emepụta ozizi nhazi morphological dị iche iche, njikọ hydrogen nke polyurethane na-emekwa ka ọdịdị ya sie ike ma mee ka ọ ghara iguzogide iru mmiri dị elu.

Kedu nhazi nke TPU?

Ugbua anyị matara ihe TPU bụ, kedu ihe bụ nhazi ya? Dịka ụkpụrụ nhazi dị iche iche si dị, TPU nwere ike inwe ọtụtụ nhazi dị iche iche.

Dịka ọmụmaatụ, dịka nhazi nke akụkụ dị nro si dị, enwere ike kewaa ya n'ụdị polyester, ụdị polyether na ụdị butadiene, nke nwere otu ester, otu ether ma ọ bụ otu butene n'otu n'otu. Dịka nhazi nke akụkụ siri ike si dị, enwere ike kewaa ya n'ụdị urethane na ụdị urethane urea, nke a na-enweta site na ndọtị diol chain ma ọ bụ ndọtị diamine chain. A na-ekewa nkewa nkịtị n'ụdị polyester na ụdị polyether.
Dịka ọnụnọ ma ọ bụ enweghị njikọ, enwere ike kewaa ya n'ime thermoplastic dị ọcha na semi-thermoplastic. Nke mbụ bụ nhazi kwụ ọtọ na-enweghị njikọ njikọta; nke ikpeazụ nwere obere allophanate na njikọ njikọta ndị ọzọ. Dịka ojiji nke ngwaahịa emechara, enwere ike kewaa ya n'ime akụkụ pụrụ iche (akụkụ igwe dị iche iche), paịpụ (sheaths, profaịlụ mkpanaka), ihe nkiri (mpempe akwụkwọ, mpempe akwụkwọ), ihe nrapado, mkpuchi, na eriri.

Kedu ka esi emepụta TPU

Ọ bụ ezie na e nwere ọtụtụ nhazi nke TPU, ha niile bụ nke polyurethane n'ihe gbasara nhazi molekul. Yabụ kedu ka o si jikọta ọnụ? Dịka usoro njikọta dị iche iche si dị, a na-ekewa ya n'ụzọ kachasị ukwuu n'ime polymerization buru ibu na polymerization ngwọta.

Na nnukwu polymerization, enwere ike kewaa ya n'ime usoro pre-polymerization na usoro otu nzọụkwụ dabere na ma enwere mmeghachi omume tupu: usoro pre-polymerization bụ imeghachi omume diisocyanate na macromolecular diol maka oge ụfọdụ, wee tinye ndọtị yinye iji mepụta TPU; A na-agwakọta diols molecular, diisoesters na ihe ndọtị yinye n'otu oge ma meghachi omume na TPU.
Nhazi nke ngwọta bụ ịgbari diisocyanate na ihe mgbaze mbụ, wee tinye macromolecular diol iji mee ka ọ meghachi omume ruo oge ụfọdụ, wee mechaa tinye ihe ndọtị yinye iji mepụta TPU.
Ụdị akụkụ dị nro, ibu molekul, ọdịnaya akụkụ siri ike ma ọ bụ nke dị nro na ọnọdụ nchịkọta TPU nke TPU ga-emetụta njupụta nke TPU. Njupụta ya dị n'etiti 1.10 na 1.25, nke na-adịghị iche nke ukwuu na roba na plastik ndị ọzọ. N'otu ike ahụ, njupụta nke polyether TPU dị ala karịa nke polyester TPU.

Kedu otu esi ahazi TPU

A chọrọ ka e jiri usoro ịgbaze na ngwọta mee TPU ka o wee mepụta ihe ndị emechara, a na-ejikwa usoro ịgbaze na usoro ngwọta eme TPU. Nhazi molekul ya bụ ihe siri ike nke a na-enweta site na imeghachi omume diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI) ma ọ bụ toluene diisocyanate (TDI) na ihe ndọtị agbụ na diisocyanate dị ka diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI) ma ọ bụ toluene diisocyanate (TDI). Molecules na macromolecular polyols na-emeghachi omume iji mepụta akụkụ ndị na-agbanwe agbanwe n'otu oge.

Nhazi agbaze bụ usoro a na-ejikarị eme ihe n'ụlọ ọrụ plastik: dịka ịgwakọta, nhazi, mkpụcha, ịkpụzi ihe na ịkpụzi ihe (gụnyere ịgba ọgwụ, mkpakọ, nnyefe na centrifugation wdg. Nhazi ngwọta bụ mgbasa nke pellets na ihe mgbaze ma ọ bụ polymerization kpọmkwem na ihe mgbaze. Mgbe emechara ngwọta, a na-eme mkpuchi, ntụgharị, wdg.
A na-emepụta TPU ka ọ bụrụ ngwaahịa ikpeazụ, nke na-anaghị achọ vulcanization na cross-linking reaction, nke nwere ike ime ka usoro mmepụta dị mkpụmkpụ, a pụkwara imegharị ihe mkpofu ma jiri ya mee ihe ọzọ.

Arụmọrụ TPU

Dịka polyurethane a kpụrụ akpụ (mmiri mmiri) na polyurethane a gwakọtara agwakọta (siri ike), TPU nwere modulus dị elu, ike dị elu, ogologo ogologo na ike dị elu, iguzogide iyi dị mma, iguzogide mmanụ, obere okpomọkụ na iguzogide ịka nká. N'ime ha, ike nrụgide dị elu, ogologo ogologo, na obere mkpakọ ogologo oge bụ uru dị mkpa nke TPU.

1. Ike nrụgide dị elu na ogologo dị elu
TPU nwere ike ịdọkpụ na ịgbatị dị mma. Site na data dị na eserese dị n'okpuru, anyị nwere ike ịhụ na ike ịdọkpụ na ịgbatị nke TPU polyether ka mma karịa nke plastik polyvinyl chloride na roba.

Tinyere nke ahụ, TPU nwere ike imezu ihe achọrọ n'ụlọ ọrụ nri na-enweghị itinye ma ọ bụ tinye obere ihe mgbakwunye na usoro nhazi, nke na-esiri ike maka ihe ndị ọzọ dị ka PVC na roba.

2. Nkwụsi ike na-enwe mmetụta dị ukwuu na okpomọkụ
Nkwụsi ike nke TPU na-ezo aka n'ọkwa mgbake ngwa ngwa na ọdịdị mbụ ya mgbe ewepụtasịrị nrụgide mgbanwe, nke a na-egosipụta site na ike mgbake, ya bụ, oke nke ọrụ mgbanwe mgbanwe na ọrụ achọrọ maka mgbanwe. Ọ bụ ọrụ nke modulus na esemokwu dị n'ime nke elastomer ma na-enwe mmetụta nke ukwuu na okpomọkụ.

Mmiri springback na-ebelata ka okpomọkụ na-ebelata, ruo mgbe okpomọkụ ụfọdụ ga-agbanwe, ike ya na-abawanye ngwa ngwa. Okpomọkụ a bụ okpomọkụ kristal nke akụkụ dị nro, nke dabere na nhazi nke macromolecular diol, polyether TPU dịkwa ala karịa polyester TPU. N'oge okpomọkụ dị ala karịa okpomọkụ kristal, elastomer na-esi ike nke ukwuu ma na-efunahụ ike ya, ya mere, ike ya yiri ike ya na-agbanwe agbanwe site n'elu ígwè siri ike.

3. Oke ike siri ike bụ Shore A60 ~ D80
Ike siri ike bụ ihe na-egosi ikike ihe nwere iguzogide mgbanwe, mkpọchi na ọkọ.
Enwere ike ịgbanwe ike nke TPU site na ịhazi oke nke akụkụ yinye dị nro na nke siri ike. Ya mere, TPU nwere oke ike dịtụ iche. Ike ya sitere na Shore A60 ruo D80, na-agbasa ike nke roba na plastik, ma nwee ọtụtụ ike na oke ike niile. Ike dị elu.
Site na mgbanwe nke ike siri ike, ụfọdụ ihe onwunwe nke TPU ga-agbanwe. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, ọ bụrụ na TPU amụbaa, a ga-enwe mgbanwe arụmọrụ dịka mmụba nke modulus tensile na ike ndọda, mmụba nke ike siri ike na nrụgide nrụgide (ikike ibu), mbelata ogologo oge, mmụba nke njupụta na mmepụta okpomọkụ na-agbanwe agbanwe, yana mmụba nke iguzogide gburugburu ebe obibi.

Mpaghara ngwa nke TPU

Ụlọ ọrụ American Goodrich Chemical Company (nke bụzi Lubrizol) malitere ịzụ ahịa TPU na 1958, kemgbe ahụ, a na-eme nnyocha ma gbasaa ya gburugburu ụwa. Ugbu a, ndị na-emepụta ihe TPU raw materials gụnyere BASF, Covestro, Lubrizol, Huntsman, Wanhua Chemical, Shanghai Hengan, Ruihua, Asahikawa Chemical na ndị ọzọ.
Dịka elastomer nwere arụmọrụ dị mma, TPU nwere ọtụtụ ngwaahịa dị ala ma a na-ejikarị ya eme ihe n'ihe ndị dị mkpa kwa ụbọchị, ihe egwuregwu, ihe egwuregwu, ihe ịchọ mma na ihe ndị ọzọ. Lee ụfọdụ ihe atụ.
1. Akpụkpọ ụkwụ akpụkpọ ụkwụ
A na-eji TPU eme ihe n'ihe eji akpụ akpụkpọ ụkwụ n'ihi na ọ na-agbanwe agbanwe nke ọma ma na-eguzogide iyi. Ngwaahịa akpụkpọ ụkwụ nwere TPU dị mma nke ukwuu n'iyi uwe dị mma karịa ngwaahịa akpụkpọ ụkwụ nkịtị, yabụ a na-ejikarị ha eme ihe n'ụdị akpụkpọ ụkwụ dị elu, ọkachasị ụfọdụ akpụkpọ ụkwụ egwuregwu na akpụkpọ ụkwụ nkịtị.


2. Ọbara
Ebe ọ bụ na paịpụ TPU nwere nro, ike nrụgide dị mma, ike mmetụta na iguzogide okpomọkụ dị elu na nke dị ala, a na-ejikarị paịpụ TPU eme ihe na China maka mbupu gas na mmanụ nke ụgbọelu, tankị, ụgbọala, ọgba tum tum, ngwaọrụ igwe na paịpụ akụrụngwa igwe ndị ọzọ.



3. USB
TPU na-enye ikike iguzogide anya mmiri, iguzogide iyi na njirimara ịgbagọ agbagọ, iguzogide okpomọkụ dị elu na nke dị ala bụ isi ihe na-eme ka eriri rụọ ọrụ. Ya mere, n'ahịa China, a na-eji TPU maka eriri dị elu, dị ka eriri njikwa na eriri ike, iji chebe ihe mkpuchi nke eriri nwere atụmatụ dị mgbagwoju anya, ojiji ya na-aghọwanye nke ukwuu.



4. Ngwaọrụ ahụike
TPU bụ ihe ọzọ dị mma, kwụsiri ike, ma dịkwa mma karịa PVC. Ọ gaghị enwe kemịkalụ na-emerụ ahụ dịka phthalate, ọ ga-abanyekwa n'ọbara ma ọ bụ mmiri mmiri ndị ọzọ dị na katita ahụike ma ọ bụ akpa ahụike iji kpata mmetụta ọjọọ. Enwere ike iji TPU nke ọkwa extrusion na ọkwa injection mee ihe ngwa ngwa site na obere mgbanwe na akụrụngwa PVC dị adị.